第四条　在中华人民共和国内海、领海内，外方进行海洋科学研究活动，应当采用与中方合作的方式。在中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域内，外方可以单独或者与中方合作进行海洋科学研究活动。

外方单独或者与中方合作进行海洋科学研究活动，须经国家海洋行政主管部门批准或者由国家海洋行政主管部门报请国务院批准，并遵守中华人民共和国的有关法律、法规。

第五条　外方与中方合作进行海洋科学研究活动的，中方应当在海洋科学研究计划预定开始日期6个月前，向国家海洋行政主管部门提出书面申请，并按照规定提交海洋科学研究计划和其他有关说明材料。

国家海洋行政主管部门收到海洋科学研究申请后，应当会同外交部、军事主管部门以及国务院其他有关部门进行审查，在4个月内作出批准或者不批准的决定，或者提出审查意见报请国务院决定。

第六条　经批准进行涉外海洋科学研究活动的，申请人应当在各航次开始之日2个月前，将海上船只活动计划报国家海洋行政主管部门审批。国家海洋行政主管部门应当自收到海上船只活动计划之日起1个月内作出批准或者不批准的决定，并书面通知申请人，同时通报国务院有关部门。

第七条　有关中外双方或者外方应当按照经批准的海洋科学研究计划和海上船只活动计划进行海洋科学研究活动；海洋科学研究计划或者海上船只活动计划在执行过程中需要作重大修改的，应当征得国家海洋行政主管部门同意。

因不可抗力不能执行批准的海洋科学研究计划或者海上船只活动计划的，有关中外双方或者外方应当及时报告国家海洋行政主管部门；在不可抗力消失后，可以恢复执行、修改计划或者中止执行计划。

第八条　进行涉外海洋科学研究活动的，不得将有害物质引入海洋环境，不得擅自钻探或者作用炸药作业。

第九条　中外合作使用外国籍调查船在中华人民共和国内海、领海内进行海洋科学研究活动的，作业船舶应当于格林威治时间每天00时和08时，向国家海洋行政主管部门报告船位及船舶活动情况。外方单独或者中外合作使用外国籍调查船在中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域内进行海洋行政主管部门报告船位及船舶活动情况。

国家海洋行政主管部门或者其派出机构、其委托的机构可以对前款外国籍调查船进行海上监视或者登船检查。

第十条　中外合作在中华人民共和国内海、领海内进行海洋科学研究活动所获得的原始资料和样品，归中华人民共和国所有，参加合作研究的外方可以依照合同约定无偿使用。

中外合作在中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域内进行海洋科学研究活动所获得的原始资料和样品，在不违反中华人民共和国有关法律、法规和有关规定的前提下，由中外双方按照协议分享，都可以无偿使用。

外方单独进行海洋科学研究活动所获得的原始资料和样品，中华人民共和国的有关组织可以无偿使用；外方应当向国家海洋行政主管部门无偿提供所获得的资料的复制件和可分样品。

未经国家海洋行政主管部门以及国务院其他有关部门同意，有关中外双方或者外方不得公开发表或者转让在中华人民共和国管辖海域内进行海洋科学研究活动所获得的原始资料和样品。

第十一条　中外合作进行的海洋科学研究活动结束后，所使用的外国籍调查船应当接受国家海洋行政主管部门或者其派出机构、其委托的机构检查。

第十二条　中外合作进行的海洋科学研究活动结束后，中方应当将研究成果和资料目录抄报国家海洋行政主管部门和国务院有关部门，并及时提供有关阶段性研究成果以及最后研究成果和结论。

第十三条　违反本规定进行涉外海洋科学研究活动的，由国家海洋行政主管部门或者其派出机构、其委托的机构责令停止该项活动，可以没收违法活动器具、没收违法获得的资料和样品，可以单处或者并处5万元人民币以下的罚款。

第十四条　中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约与本规定有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定；但是，中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

第十五条　本规定自1996年10月1日起施行。

Article 1 These Provisions are formulated for the purposes of strengthening the administration of foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, promoting the exchanges and cooperation in maritime scientific research with foreign countries and safeguarding the national security and maritime rights and interests.

Article 2 These Provisions apply to the investigation and research on the marine environment and resources, which are conducted for peace purpose and by use of vessels or other conveyances and installations by international organizations, foreign organizations and individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign party) independently or in collaboration with the organizations from the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Chinese party) in the internal seas and territorial seas as well as in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, but not to the exploration of marine mineral resources (including marine petroleum resources), the investigation of marine fishery resources and the survey of marine wildlife under special state protection, to which the relevant provisions of laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China apply.

Article 3 The state administrative department of marine affairs of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the state administrative department of marine affairs) together with agencies established or authorized by it shall, according to these Provisions, administer foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

Other competent departments under the State Council shall, within their respective scope of authorities specified by the State Council and in consultation with the state administrative department of marine affairs, administer foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

Article 4 A foreign party intending to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas or territorial seas of the People's Republic of China should undertake it in collaboration with a Chinese party. In other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, a foreign party may conduct maritime scientific research independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party.

A maritime scientific research conducted by a foreign party independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party shall be subject to the approval of the state administrative department of marine affairs, or be reported by the state administrative department of marine affairs to the State Council for the approval, and shall be in conformity to laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.

Article 5 For a maritime scientific research to be conducted by a foreign party in collaboration with a Chinese party, the Chinese party should, six months before the scheduled implementation of the maritime scientific research plan, apply to the state administrative department of marine affairs in writing and submit the maritime scientific research plan and other relevant explanatory materials as required.

A foreign party intending to conduct maritime scientific research independently should, six months before the scheduled implementation of the maritime scientific research plan, apply to the state administrative department of marine affairs in writing through diplomatic channels and submit the maritime scientific research plan and other relevant explanatory materials as required.

After receiving the application for maritime scientific research, the state administrative department of marine affairs shall examine it in consultation with the Foreign Ministry, the competent military department and other competent departments under the State Council and, within four months, decide whether or not to grant approval or submit an examination report to the State Council for the decision.

Article 6 An applicant having been approved to conduct foreign-related maritime scientific research shall, two months before each voyages, submit his plan for offshore operations by vessel to the state administrative department of marine affairs for the examination and approval. The state administrative department of marine affairs shall, within one month as from the date of receiving the aforesaid plan, decide whether or not to grant approval, notify the applicant in writing and report to relevant departments under the State Council at the same time.

Article 7 The Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall conduct maritime scientific research according to the approved plan for maritime scientific research and the approved plan for offshore operations by vessel. If a major modification of the plan for maritime scientific research or the plan for offshore operations by vessel is required in the course of its implementation, prior approval shall be obtained from the state administrative department of marine affairs.

If force majeure makes it impossible to implement the approved plan for maritime scientific research or the approved plan for offshore operations by vessel, the Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall promptly report the case to the state administrative department of marine affairs. The party concerned may resume the implementation, or modify, or suspend the implementation of the plan when force majeure has disappeared.

Article 8 The introduction into the marine environment of harmful substances, and the exploration or operations by use of explosives without authorization shall be prohibited in conducting foreign-related maritime scientific research.

Article 9 Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China by use of an investigation vessel of foreign nationality, the vessel operating at sea shall, at 00:00 and 08:00 hundred hours Greenwich mean time every day, report to the state administrative department of marine affairs on its position and activity. Where a foreign party, independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party, conducts maritime scientific research in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China by use of an investigation vessel of foreign nationality, the vessel operating at sea shall, at 02:00 hundred hours Greenwich mean time every day, report to the state administrative department of marine affairs on its position and activity.

The state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it may exercise surveillance at sea over the investigation vessel of foreign nationality mentioned in the preceding paragraph or embark on the vessel to perform inspection.

Article 10 Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China, original data and samples they have acquired shall belong to the People's Republic of China. The foreign cooperator may use original data and samples free of charge as agreed upon in the contract.

Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, original data and samples they have acquired shall be shared Between them according to an agreement, and may be used free of charge by any of them.

Where a foreign party conducts maritime scientific research independently, original data and samples he has acquired may be used free of charge by the relevant organizations of the People's Republic of China. The foreign party shall provide free of charge copies of materials and separable samples so acquired for the state administrative department of marine affairs.

Without the approval of the state administrative department of marine affairs and other competent departments under the State Council, the Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall not publish or transfer original data and samples they have or he has acquired by conducting maritime scientific research in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

Article 11 When a foreign party has independently completed or Chinese and foreign parties have jointly completed maritime scientific research, the investigation vessel of foreign nationality used for the research shall pass the inspection of the state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it.

Article 12 When Chinese and foreign parties have jointly completed maritime scientific research, the Chinese party shall send copies of the research achievement report and the data list to the state administrative department of marine affairs and other competent departments under the State Council.

A foreign party having independently completed maritime scientific research shall provide data and samples acquired in the research or their copies and separable samples for the state administrative department of marine affairs， and shall promptly provide the research achievements at each stage and the final research achievement and the conclusion.

Article 13 If anyone, in violation of these Provisions, conducts foreign-related maritime scientific research, the state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it shall order him to stop the research, may confiscate his implements used in the illegal activities and data and samples acquired illegally, and may exclusively or concurrently impose a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan.

If any violation of these Provisions gives rise to heavy losses or serious consequences and thereby a crime has been constituted, the offender shall be investigated for criminal liability.

Article 14 If an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions that differ from these Provisions, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, except those on which China has made reservations.

Article 15 These Provisions come into force on October 1, 1996.

海洋科学是研究海床、底土、水体、大气、生物等各界面之间的物质交换、能量流动以及人类活动对海洋的影响导致海洋及其相关层圈发展变化的自然规律的一门学科。尽管人类在远古时代就开始与海洋打交道，但在17世纪以前，人类对海洋的利用也只是航海和渔盐之利。一般认为，海洋科学成为一门独立的学科开始于19世纪后半叶，以1873—1876年的“挑战者”号海洋调查船的全球海洋调查为其主要里程碑。1942年，著名海洋学家Sverdrup等人编写的《海洋》专著的出版，标志着海洋科学作为独立学科已经形成。

海洋科学既是基础性学科之一，又是应用科学和工程技术科学。现代海洋科学的研究体系，大体可以分为基础性学科研究和应用性技术研究两部分，由物理海洋学、海洋气象学、海洋生物学、海洋地质学、海洋化学等基础学科和众多分支学科及其应用性科学和高技术构成。半个多世纪以来，我国的海洋科学研究和教育与国家、社会、经济和科学技术的发展紧密地联系在一起，海洋科学高等教育也成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分。

《中国海洋科学发展战略研究》共计六章，第一章阐述了海洋科学的重要战略地位、我国全面建设小康社会对海洋科学发展的重大战略需求和中国海洋科学发展战略研究整体框架。第二章汇集并分析了自20世纪50年代以来，国际海洋科学的重大进展，主要包括海底扩张和板块构造、海底热液活动、大洋输送带、深海氧同位素线确立和米兰科维齐旋回、海洋的变异性、厄尔尼诺和南方涛动、海洋中二氧化碳及其对全球碳循环的贡献、海洋中放射性示踪物、极端生态环境和海洋生物多样性、微型食物网和大洋微型生物群、全球生产力状态描述、铁限制假说、海洋天然气水合物等方面。第三章汇集并分析了自20世纪80年代中期以来，与海洋领域相关的重大国际合作科学研究计划，主要包括全球变化框架下的相关海洋科学技术研究计划、深海大洋合作计划、海洋观测合作计划、海底观测网络计划和全球有害赤潮研究计划。第四章汇集并分析了自20世纪90年代中后期以来，我国海洋科学领域的重要国家研究计划，主要包括国家“973”研究计划项目、国家自然科学基金项目、国家“863”研究计划项目、国家科技支撑计划项目、国家有关部门重大科技专项等。第五章系统阐述了物理海洋学、海洋生物学、海洋化学、海洋地质和地球物理学、海洋生物技术、海洋探测与监测技术、海岸带综合管理七大分支学科在海洋科学中的地位和国际发展趋势，以及我国的研究现状、主要差距和发展方向等。第六章在综合分析国际海洋科学研究的主要发展趋势和我国急需解决的重大海洋科学。

本书被列入九五国家级重点教材，也是面向21世纪课程教材。全书共分十二章，即绪论、地球系统与海底科学，海水的物理特性和世界大洋的层化结构，海水的化学组成和特性，海洋环流，海洋中的波动现象，潮汐，海洋与大气，海洋生物，海洋中的声、光传播及其应用，卫星海洋遥感、中国近海的区域海洋学。与以往的同类教材相比，新增了三章，即海洋与大气、卫星海洋遥感和中国海的区域海洋学；其他各传统分支学科的内容也有较多的更新。关于环境保护、污染治理与可持续发展等内容，虽未单独成章，但在有关章节中均有意强调了这方面的内容。本书可作为海洋科学类本科学生及相近专业学生的基础课教材，亦可作为相近专业的教学参考用书，对从事相近专业的科技人员或有关行业的管理人员，也有较大的参考价值。

海洋占地球表面积的71%，是人类生存环境的重要组成部分，在调节气候变化、提供可再生资源和维持生态平衡中起着举足轻重的作用。人类当前所面临的地球起源、生命起源、全球变化、可持续发展、资源与环境效应等重大科学问题，都与海洋有重要的直接关系。生命起源于海洋，海洋中栖息着种类繁多、数量巨大的海洋生物。近年来，发现有些海洋深部的生物能在海底高温、高压条件下依赖化学合成作用而生存，而不像常识上认为一切生物初级生产力都依赖于光合作用，这将极大地丰富和加深人类对生命起源与演化以及生命活动规律的认识。

海洋学是研究发生在海洋中各种自然现象和过程的性质及其变化规律的一门科学。早期的海洋研究以探险和地理发现为主，第二次世界大战以后，由于世界沿海各国认识到海洋在社会、经济、资源、环境等方面的重要战略地位，以及认识到海洋在理解全球环境变化和地球系统科学中的重要作用，促使海洋科学迅速发展，逐渐成为当前非常活跃的自然科学分支学科之一。同时，海洋科学又是一门综合性和交叉性很强的学科，与数学、物理、化学、天文、生物等基础学科存在着千丝万缕的联系，与社会科学也存在密切联系和交叉。