更新时间:2024-10-13 15:24
在英语中看动词后面可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词。字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词;字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。
及物动词和不及物动词的区别在于所带的宾语不同。不及物动词只能带准宾语(动量宾语,时量宾语和数量宾语)。
解析:
不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语。例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth.(不能说跑什么东西,但run指运作时是及物动词,例如:He is running this program now) 分清及物不及物动词: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
及物动词的主要用法
主+谓+宾主+谓+双宾主+谓+宾+宾补
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:
作不及物的动词
不及物动词后面不跟宾语
如:This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:
两用且意义不同的动词
read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve....
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:
在英语语法错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语(transitive verb+preposition+object)”,是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语。
如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行(不及物动词+介词+宾语),如:
错:The children are listening the music.
正:The children are listening to the music.
错:She is laughing the crippled man.
正:She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如①和②:
① John is giving a book to me.
② Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就不正确了,如:
错:Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:
“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”
“awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting”也行。
许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:
Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
In our education system,we stress upon examination results.
World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。
错:
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Don't approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
(介词“to,on,for,with”都要去掉才对)
为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。
第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:
① I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
② He reached London yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:
① Don't approach such a person.
② Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?
及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
1. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗? (begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
2. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样。请注意下列两种情况:
1. 有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词。如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)
(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
2. 有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词。如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教全心全意为人民服务
及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语。
go shopping中的go是不是及物动词?
不及物动词和及物动词的区别是能否接宾语,接宾语的是及物动词,不能接宾语的是不及物动词,而这里go shopping中的shopping又不是作go的宾语,只是和go连用构成固定用法,去做某件事情,有很多,如go swimming,go
hiking,go skiing,go skating等,go shopping在这作的是动名词的形式,所以下次见到由go组成的动名词形式不要说go是及物动词。