更新时间:2024-04-23 21:31
语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,译为“如果”由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
1. If you ask him,he will help you.
如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
2. If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.
如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的
if引导的条件状语从句既可以将从句放前面也可以将从句放后面
(如果天下雨,我们就不玩了)If it rains,we will stop playing.‘
转为We will stop playing if it rains.
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。
除了if之外,还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句。如下:
1、unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
2、on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果 on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保密。
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。
3、supposing conj.如果,假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。
e.g.Supposing it rains,shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?
e.g.Supposing anything should go wrong,what would you do then?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?
4、provided conj.假如,除非,以……为条件 provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件。
e.g.He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。
e.g.He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。
从上述例句可以看出if,unless,on condition (that),supposing,provided等词引导的条件状语从句,主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。
但有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如but for,without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件应该是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。
如:but for若非,要不是
e.g.But for the rain,we should have a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。
without
e.g.Without your help,we should not have finished in time.
没有你的帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务
条件状语从句就是用以表示“在某种条件下,会……”常用if,in case,on condition等词来引导
连接词主要有 if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,provided,suppose,supposing 等..
主句用一般将来时,if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【注:在条件状语从句中,绝大数情况下some要变为any。】
unless = if...not.
e.g. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tired,let's go out for a walk.
真实条件句
如:If it rains tomorrow,we won’t go on a picnic.
真实条件句一般遵循“主将从现”、主情从现(情指情态动词)、主祈从现(祈指祈使句)等原则。
非真实条件句
非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种,也称虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反,如:
e.g.If I were you,I would go with him.
so/as long as只要
由as (so) long as,in case引导。
e.g.So long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do.只要你高兴,你做什么都没有关系。
e.g.You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
e.g.Take your umbrella in case it rains.带着你的伞吧,以防下雨。
一般情况下,对将来的虚拟主句用were to/动词过去式等(be动词只能用were);对现在的虚拟主句用动词过去式(be动词只能用were)等;对过去的虚拟主句用would have done(be动词就用been)。
e.g.If Amy and Sammy, two of my English teachers hadn't taught me seriously those days, I would not be so good at English at that time.如果我的两位英语老师艾米和萨米那些天没有认真教我,我现在的英语就不会那么好了。
上述这句话,主句是对现在的虚拟,而从句是对过去的虚拟。诸如此类的主句从句时间不对应的条件状语从句叫做错综时间条件句。
If引导的非真实条件句中if的省略
If引导的非真实条件句中,如果从句中有were、had、should这三个单词的话,可以按照以下格式将If省略:
Were+S.+... Had+S.+done+... Should+S.+do+...
e.g.Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.
e.g.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
e.g.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
注:否定形式的were、had、should只提前这三个单词,not依旧放在原处
e.g.Had it not rained last Saturday, we would have celebrated Tom's birthday in the garden.=If it hadn't rained last Saturday, we would have celebrated Tom's birthday in the garden.
引导条件状语从句的连词有:if(如果),unless(除非;如果不),as long as(除非;只要),supposing(假设),on condition that(条件是),in case(如果)。
e.g.You can't learn English well unless you work hard.
除非你努力学习,否则你学不好英语。
e.g.You can use my bike on condition that you return it by Friday.
你可以使用我的自行车,条件是你星期五以前还。
注意
⑴条件状语从句中一般不使用将来时态,尽管主句使用将
e.g.I will come to see you if I have time.
我有时间,我就来看你。
e.g.If the rain stops,I shall go out for a walk.
如果雨停了,我就出去散步。
⑵注意条件状语从句在虚拟语气中的使用
e.g.If I were to I should first of all get the experts to discuss the plan.
如果我真的想做这事,我首先会找专家们讨论我的计划。
⑶条件状语从句中的省略
与其他状语从句一样,条件状语从句也可以省略
e.g.Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的话,明天来。
e.g.I will buy a DVD set if necessary.
(4)If so 和 If not 的用法
e.g.Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas? If so, we would love to hear from you.你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗?如果有,我们很愿意收到你的来信。(这句中的so是对前文中提到的事情的肯定假设,必须有前文才能用so来代替)
e.g.It must be great that they arrive before I leave. If not, the responsibility will be mine.如果他们在我离开之前到达,那自然很好。但如果不是的话,那责任就是我的了。(这句中的not指代对前文中提到的事情的否定假设,必须有前文才能用not来代替)