更新时间:2023-10-15 17:02
玉螺科的贝壳近球形,螺层约6层。螺旋部高起,约占壳高的1/3,体螺层较膨大,光滑无肋,生长纹细密。壳黄白色,布满紫褐色斑点。基部白色,壳顶紫色。壳口卵圆形,内青白色。外唇弧形,内唇中部形成一个结节。脐不十分宽大,下半部几被结节覆盖。厣角质。
玉螺外表呈球状,壳口为半月形,内唇滑层厚,有时呈肋状,几乎把脐孔遮盖住。它们的足极发达,可包被贝壳,其作用如锄,可用来挖掘泥沙,使身体埋于沙中。玉螺的触角呈三角形而扁平,前端尖,眼已退化,吻长能伸缩。
为中国沿海习见种。分布很广,热、温、寒带均有其踪迹。
栖息于潮间带泥沙质海滩,大多在潮间带中、下区及基准面的附近的泥、沙底栖息。这种动物均为肉食性动物,以双壳类软体动物或者其它动物为食。它的吻的腹面有穿孔腺,能溶解双壳类动物的贝壳,然后用齿舌锉食其肉。通常在潮间带看到许多双壳类动物的空壳,在顶部有一圆孔,菘始作俑者,十之七八是玉螺穿凿。
学名 中文名 命名者
Eunaticina papilla 乳头玉螺 (Gmelin,1791)
Mammila kurodai黑田玉螺 Iw. Taki,1944
Natica alapapilionis 蝴蝶玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Natica bathyraphe 小白玉螺 (Pilsbry,1925)
Natica bibalteata 宽带玉螺 (Sowerby,1914)
Natica euzona 花玉螺 (Recluz,1844)
Natica excellens 优雅玉螺 (Azuma,1961)
Natica fasciata 黑嘴玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Natica gualteriana 小灰玉螺 Recluz,1844
Natica hilaris 鹿斑玉螺 Sowerby,1914
Natica janthostomoides 古色玉螺 Kuroda et Habe,1949
Natica kushime 纵肋玉螺 (Shikama,1971)
Natica lacteobasis 白底玉螺 Kuroda,1961
Natica lineata 细纹玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Natica lurida 退色玉螺 (Philippi,1870)
Natica nipponensis 旋花玉螺 Kuroda,1961
Natica onca 中华玉螺 Roeding,1798
Natica pseustes 紫斑玉螺 Watson,1881
Natica sagittata 失痕玉螺 (Menke,1843)
Natica shoichiroi 小斑玉螺 Kuroda,1961
Natica stellata 星斑玉螺 (Hedley,1913)
Natica tabularis 粉红玉螺 Kuroda,1961
Natica tigrina 豹斑玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Natica undulata 斑马玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Natica vitellus 腰带玉螺 Linnaeus,1758
Polinices albumen 扁球玉螺 (Linnaeus,1758)
Polinices aurantius 黄金玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Polinices bathyraphe 小笼包玉螺 (Pilsbry,1911)
Polinices bicolor 双色玉螺 (Philippi,1848)
Polinices didyma amplus 高玉螺 (Philippi,1848)
Polinices didyma didyma 大玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Polinices effusus (Swainson,1820)
Polinices flemingianus 脐孔白玉螺 (Recluz,1844)
Polinices fortunei 棕色玉螺 Reeve,1865
Polinices mammatus 褐带玉螺 (Roeding,1798)
Polinices mammilla 白玉螺 (Linnaeus,1758)
Polinices melanostomoides 广口白玉螺 (Quoy et Gaimard,1832)
Polinices melanostomus 黑唇玉螺 (Gmelin,1791)
Polinices nux 坚果玉螺 Okutani,1964
Polinices pallida 苍白玉螺 Broderip et Sowerby,1829
Polinices peselephanti 包氏玉螺 Link,1807
Polinices plicispira 皱塔玉螺 Kuroda,1961
Polinices reiniana 胖玉螺 Dunker,1877
Polinices sagamiensis 相模湾玉螺 (Pilsbry,1904)
Polinices sebae 白鼠玉螺 (Recluz,1844)
Polinices simiae 花带玉螺 (Deshates,1838)
Polinices vesicalis 薄壳玉螺 (Philippi,1848)
Polinices vestitus 日本玉螺 (Kuroda,1961)
Sinum incisum 扁耳玉螺 Reeve,1864
Sinum japonicum 日本扁玉螺 (Lischke,1868)
Sinum javanicum 南洋扁玉螺 (Griffith et Pidgeon,1834)
Sinum neritoidium 似蜑玉螺 (Linnaeus,1758)
Sinum planulatum (Recluz,1845)
Sinum undulatum 波形玉螺 (Lischke,1872)