更新时间:2024-06-19 16:49
直接引语是与间接引语相对的语法概念。
如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to,must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。
直接引语变为间接引语时,有些时间状语,地点状语,指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
注:直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改变;如果在当地转述,here也不必改为there,come也不必改为go。另外,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
II.如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如:
→He asked John if he could swim.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动名词(或从句)。”如:
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人称变化
遵从一主二宾三不变
一主: 从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。
eg: “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
二宾: 从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。
三不变:从句的第三人称不需要变化。
IV.注意
在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
②主句谓语为一般现在时,变间接引语时,若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时,从句时态也不变。
③直接引语是一般现在时,且表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:
④直接引语为谚语警句或名人名言时,时态不变。
⑤直接引语为客观事实真理,时态不变,常考的有:
Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转。