强调人的能力和潜力在人格形成过程中的作用

良好的外部环境是人格形成的一个重要来源，要建构良好的外部环境，可以通过发展人的主动积极行为能力。一个人的现实能力（包括人对自己行为的评价能力、指定目标的能力、实现目标的计划能力等）就被纳入人格的建构之中，并且成为影响人格的一个重要力量。

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The VIA Signature Strength Survey is a 240 question survey that has been taken by hundreds of thousands of people. The VIA Signature Strengths Survey measures 24 character strengths that are taken from Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification by Christopher Peterson and Martin E. P. Seligman, Oxford University Press, 2004. The 24 character strengths are listed below. The results page will show you your 5 greatest character strengths.

“VIA特征优势调查”是一份面向成千上万的人们的由240个问题组成的调查。VIA特征优势调查测量了从许多种人格优点和品德中选出的24种人格优势，又成性格优势（Character Strengths）——成书为由克里斯托弗·彼德逊和马丁·E.P.·瑟里格曼编写的、牛津大学出版社2004年出版的一本手册和分类指南。这24种人格优势罗列于下，结论那页会显示出你的5种最强的人格优势。

Creativity (originality, ingenuity):

Thinking of novel and productive ways to conceptualize and do things.

创造力（原创性，独创性）：思索新颖而有价值的方法来产生概念和做事情。

Curiosity (interest, novelty-seeking, openness to experience):

Taking an interest in ongoing experience s afor its own sake; exploring and discovering

好奇心（兴趣，寻找新事物，开放式体验）：对持续的体验和其内在因缘产生兴趣；进行探索和发现。

Open-mindedness (judgment, critical thinking):

Thinking things through and examining them from all sides; weighing all evidence fairly.

头脑开明（判断力，批判性思维）：通过全方位测验来思考事物；公平权衡所有的根据。

Love of learning:

Mastering new skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge, whether on one's own or formally.

爱学习：掌握新的技能、话题以及知识本体，不管是出于自愿还是形式要求。

Perspective (wisdom):

Being able to provide wise counsel to others; having ways of looking at the world that make sense to oneself and to other people

洞察力（智慧）：能对他人提出明智的建议；能着眼于对己对人有意义的世界。

Bravery (valor):

Not shrinking from threat, challenge, difficulty, or pain; acting on convictions even if unpopular.

勇敢（勇气）：不畏威胁、挑战、困顿或苦痛；依觉悟而行，不论其是否被普遍认同。

Persistence (perseverance, industriousness):

Finishing what one starts; persisting in a course of action in spite of obstacles.

持久（有毅力，刻苦发奋）：做事有始有终；坚持行为方向，不论障碍险阻。

Integrity (authenticity, honesty):

Presenting oneself in a genuine way; taking responsibility for one's feeling and actions

正直（可靠，诚实）：自我表现诚恳；对自己的感觉和行为负责。

Vitality (zest, enthusiasm, vigor, energy):

Approaching life with excitement and energy; feeling alive and activated

有活力（热情，积极，有魄力，有精力）：使生活充满激情和能量；感觉活跃、活泼。

Love:

Valuing close relations with others, in particular those in which sharing and caring are reciprocated.

爱：珍爱与他人的亲密关系，尤其是那些其中相互分享、相互关照的。

Kindness (generosity, nurturance, care, compassion, altruistic love, “niceness”):

Doing favors and good deeds for others.

善良（慷慨，关怀，关照，同情，无私的爱，“美好的事物”）：为他人帮忙、做好事。

Social intelligence (emotional intelligence, personal intelligence):

Being aware of the motives and feelings of other people and oneself.

社会智商（情绪智商，个人智商）：了解他人以及自己的目的和感觉。

Citizenship (social responsibility, loyalty, teamwork):

Working well as a member of a group or team; being loyal to the group.

公民权（社会责任，忠诚，团队协作）：作为集体或团队中的一员好好工作；对集体忠诚。

Fairness:

Treating all people the same according to notions of fairness and justice; not letting personal feelings bias decisions about others.

公正：依照公平和正义的观念平等对待所有人；不要让个人感觉误导对他人的判定。

Leadership:

Encouraging a group of which one is a member to get things done and at the same maintain time good relations within the group.

领导能力：促进集体，使个人在其中作为成员能完成事情并且同时维持良好的集体关系。

Forgiveness and mercy:

Forgiving those who have done wrong; accepting the shortcomings of others; giving people a second chance; not being vengeful

宽恕和仁慈：宽恕做错事的人；接纳他人的短处；给予他人第二次机会；不心怀报复。

Humility / Modesty:

Letting one's accomplishments speak for themselves; not regarding oneself as more special than one is.

谦虚/谦逊：让人的成绩说话；不自大。

Prudence:

Being careful about one's choices; not taking undue risks; not saying or doing things that might later be regretted.

谨慎：细心于自己的选择；不要冒不当的风险；不说也不做会事后后悔的事。

Self-regulation (self-control):

Regulating what one feels and does; being disciplined; controlling one's appetites and emotions.

自律（自控）：管理自己的感觉和行为；守纪律；控制自己的欲望和情绪。

Appreciation of beauty and excellence (awe, wonder, elevation):

Appreciating beauty, excellence, and/or skilled performance in various domains of life.

欣赏美丽和卓越（敬畏，赞叹，上进）：欣赏美丽、卓越以及/或在生活的不同领域的娴熟表现。

Gratitude:

Being aware of and thankful of the good things that happen; taking time to express thanks.

感恩：知道并感谢发生的好事情；多多表达谢意。

Hope (optimism, future-mindedness, future orientation):

Expecting the best in the future and working to achieve it.

希望（乐观，为未来打算，为未来定向）：对将来有最好的展望，并努力实现它。

Humor (playfulness):

Liking to laugh and tease; bringing smiles to other people; seeing the light side.

幽默（爱玩）：喜欢笑，喜欢逗乐；给他人带来欢笑；看事物的光明面。

Spirituality (religiousness, faith, purpose):

Having coherent beliefs about the higher purpose, the meaning of life, and the meaning of the universe.

精神信仰（虔诚，守信，有追求）：有对更高追求、生活意义以及宇宙意义的信仰。