更新时间:2023-12-09 10:30
①实用性强。专为美国国会图书馆排架使用而编制,从类目安排到号码配置,都处处考虑该馆藏书的实际需要。
②类目详尽,多达20多万个,成为世界上类目最多、篇幅最大的分类法。
③不仅可适用于综合性图书馆,而且也适用于相应的专业图书馆。
④及时反映新学科和新主题。美国国会图书馆设有专门部门管理LC,根据馆藏变化及时修订类表,并按季编印发行《LC的补充和修改》,及时报道LC类号的修订信息。
⑤各大类分别独立编制,出版时间和版本不统一,没有统一的编制体例以及通用复分表和总索引。
⑥基本采用顺序标记制,类号简短,但类号不能表达类目间的等级关系,助记性较差。
⑦应用 LC号码被载入美国国会图书馆发行的印刷卡片和机读目录,以及美、英等国出版图书在版编目数据中。除了美国国会图书馆以外,LC还被美国许多高等学校图书馆、专门图书馆以及一些美国以外国家的图书馆所采用。
《美国国会图书馆分类法》Library of Congress Classification
LC各分册均有索引,各大类类表可作独立的专业分类表使用。LC共分20大类:A 综合性著作;B 哲学、宗教;C历史:辅助科学;D历史:世界史 ;E-F历史:美洲史;G地理、人类学;H社会科学;J政治学;K法律;L教育;M音乐;N美术;P语言、文学;Q科学;R医学;S农业、畜牧业;T技术;U军事科学;V海军科学;Z书目及图书馆学。分类号由字母与数字组成,数字部分按整数顺序制编号。此分类法实用性强、类目详尽,不但适用于综合性图书馆,也适用于专业图书馆。LC的分类号现已载入英美等国的在版编目数据、美国国会图书馆发行的印刷卡片以及若干国家的机读目录之中。
美国国会图书馆编制的一部大型综合性标题表。英文简称LCSH。1909~1914 年 , 美国国会图书馆以本馆藏书目录为基础,编制和出版了2 卷本的 《美国国会图书馆字典式目录用标题表》,1975年第八版改为本名,至1991年已出14版。
目前,LCSH在出印刷本的同时,还发行缩微胶卷、缩微平片、计算机磁带版和光盘版。自1989年第十二版起,将每版新增删的标题单独抽印,排在前言与主表之间,以便查阅。LCSH的前言介绍各版的标题分类统计数字、发展简史、标题结构以及示范标题表等;主表由众多的规范化的标题及各类参照按字顺排列,许多标题后附有《美国国会图书馆分类法》的分类号;附录是一个专门用于儿童读物的标题表。
LCSH是目前世界上规模最大、应用最广泛的标题表,在检索语言的发展史上和当今图书馆主题编目工作中,占有重要地位。
美国国会图书馆自1984年起出版《主题编目手册 (标题部分)》,1991年已出至第四版,它是使用 LCSH 的最主要的辅助工具,其中除介绍主题编目工作的基本规定外,还以较大篇幅介绍了各种复分标题及其使用方法。
美国国会图书馆分类法简表
Outline of the Library of Congress Classification Tables
A General Works (总类)
AC Collections. Series. Collected works (丛书、丛刊)
AE Encyclopedias (General) (一般性百科全书)
AG Dictionaries and other general reference works (字典、参考资源)
AI Indexs (General) (索引)
AM Museums. Collectors and collecting (博物馆、收藏)
AN Newspapers (报纸)
AP Periodicals (期刊)
AS Academies and learned societies (研究与学习会社)
AY Yearbooks. Almanacs. Directories (年鉴、名录)
AZ History of scholarship and learning. The humanities (奖学金历史、慈善团体)
B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion (哲学、心理学、宗教)
B Philosophy (General) (哲学总论)
BC Logic (逻辑)
BD Speculative philosophy (思辨哲学)
BF Psychology (心理学)
BH Aesthetics (美学)
BJ Ethics. Social usages. Etiquette (伦理学、社会习俗、礼节)
BL Religions. Mythology. Rationalism (宗教学、神话、唯理论)
BM Judaism (犹太教)
BQ Buddhism (佛教)
BR Christianity (基督教)
BS The Bible (圣经)
BT Doctrinal Theology (教条理论)
BV Practical Theology (实证理论)
BX Christian Denominations (基督诸派)
C Auxiliary Sciences of History (历史学及相关科学)
CB History of civilization (文化史)
CC Archaeology (General) (考古学)
CD Diplomatics. Archives. Seals (外交文书、档案、印记)
CE Technical chronology. Calendar (年表、历书)
CJ Numismatics (古钱学)
CN Inscriptions. Epigraphy (题铭、金石学)
CR Heraldry (纹章学)
CS Genealogy (系谱学)
CT Biography (传记)
D History (General) and History of Europe (历史总论与欧洲历史)
D History (General) (历史总论)
DA-
DR
Europe (欧洲历史)
DA Great Britain (英国)
DAW Central Europe (中欧)
DB Austria - Liechtenstein - Hungary - Czechoslovakia (澳洲、匈牙利、捷克斯洛伐克)
DC France - Andorra - Monaco (法国、安道耳、摩纳哥)
DD Germany (德国)
DE Greco-Roman World (罗马世界)
DF-
DG
Greece. Italy - Malta (希腊、意大利)
DH Low Countries - Benelux Countries (荷比卢联盟)
DJ Netherlands (Holland) (荷兰)
DJK Eastern Europe (General) (东欧)
DK Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics - Poland (俄罗斯、前苏联)
DL Northern Europe. Scandinavia (北欧)
DP Spain - Portugal (西班牙、葡萄牙)
DQ Switzerland (瑞士)
DR Balkan Peninsula (巴尔干半岛)
DS Asia (亚洲历史)
DT Africa (非洲历史)
DU Oceania (South Seas) (大洋洲历史)
DX Gypsies (吉普赛人历史)
E-F History: America (美洲历史)
G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation. (地理学、人类学、娱乐)
G Geography (General). Atlas. Maps (地理学总论、地图集、地图)
GA Mathematical geography. Cartography (数学地理、制图学)
GB Physical geography (自然地理)
GC Oceanography (海洋学)
GE Environmental Sciences (环境科学)
GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography (人类生态学、人文地理学)
GN Anthropology (人类学)
GR Folklore (民俗)
GT Manners and customs (General) (一般风俗与习惯)
GV Recreation. Leisure. Sports (娱乐、休闲、体育)
H Social sciences (General) (社会科学)
H Social sciences (General) (社会科学总论)
HA Statistics (统计学)
HB Economic theory. Demography (经济理论、人口统计学)
HC Economic history and conditions (经济史地)
HD Industries. Land use. Labor (工业、土地用途、劳工)
HE Transportation and communications (运输与交通)
HF Commerce (商业)
HG Finance (财政)
HJ Public finance (公共财政)
HM Sociology (General) (社会学)
HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform (社会历史、社会问题、社会改革)
HQ The family. Marriage. Woman (家庭、婚姻、妇女)
HS Societies: secret,benevolent,etc. (社会团体:秘密会社、慈善机构、俱乐部)
HT Communities. Classes. Races (社团、阶级、种族)
HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology (社会病理学、社会福利、犯罪学)
HX Socialism. Communism. Anarchism (社会主义、共产主义、无政府主义)
J Political Science (政治学)
J General legislative and executive papers (一般立法及行政公报)
JA Political science (General) (政治学总论)
JC Political theory (政治理论)
JF Political institutions and public administration - General (政治制度与行政)
JJ Political institutions and public administration - North America (北美制度与行政)
JK Political institutions and public administration - United States (美国制度与行政)
JL Political institutions and public administration - Canada,West Indies,Mexico,Central and South America (英国及拉丁美洲制度与行政)
JN Political institutions and public administration - Europe (欧洲制度与行政)
JQ Political institutions and public administration - Asia,Arab countries,Islamic countries,Africa,Atlantic Ocean islands,Australia,New Zealand,Pacific Ocean islands (亚洲、非洲、澳洲、大洋洲政治制度与行政)
JS Local government. Municipal government (地方性政府)
JV Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration (殖民地与殖民政策、移出与迁入)
JZ International relations (国际关系)
K Law (法律)
K
Law in General. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence (法律总论)
KB
Religious law in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence (宗教法律、比教宗教法、法学)
KBM
Jewish law (犹太法律)
KBP
slamic law (伊斯兰教法律)
KBR
History of canon law (天主教法律之历史)
KBU
Law of the Roman Catholic Church. The Holy See (罗马天主教法律)
KD-
KDK
Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland (英国及爱尔兰法律)
KDZ
America. North America (美国、北美法律)
KE
Law of Canada (加拿大法律)
KF
Law of the United States (美国法律)
KG
Law of Latin America (拉丁美洲法律)
KH
Law of South America (南美洲法律)
KJ-
KKZ
Law of Europe (欧洲法律)
KL
History of Law. The Ancient Orient (法律史、古东方)
KLA-
KLW
Law of Eurasia (欧亚大陆法律)
KM-
KPZ
Law of Asia (亚洲法律)
KQ-
KTZ
Law of Africa (非洲法律)
KU-
KWW
Law of Pacific Area (太平洋区域法律)
KWX
Law of Antarctica (南极大陆法律)
KZ
Law of nations (民族法律)
L Education (教育)
L Education (General) (教育总论)
LA History of education (教育史)
LB Theory and practice of education (教育理论与实务)
LC Special aspects of education (特殊教育)
LD Individual institutions - United States (美洲教育机构)
LE Individual institutions - America (except United States) (美国教育机构)
LF Individual institutions - Europe (欧洲教育机构)
LG Individual institutions - Asia,Africa,Indian Ocean islands,Australia,New Zealand,Pacific islands (亚洲、非洲、印度教育机构)
LH College and school magazines and papers (学院与学校杂志、报纸)
LJ Student fraternities and societies,United States (美国学生社团)
LT Textbooks (教科书)
M Music (音乐)
ML Literature on music (音乐文献)
MT Musical instruction and study (音乐教学)
N Fine arts (美术)
N Visual arts (视觉艺术)
NA Architecture (建筑)
NB Sculpture (雕塑)
NC Drawing. Design. Illustration (描画、设计、插画)
ND Painting (绘画)
NE Print media (印刷媒体)
NK Decorative arts (装饰艺术、工艺)
NX Arts in general (一般艺术)
P Language and Literature (语言学、文学)
P Philology and linguistics (General) (一般语言学及文学)
PA Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature (希腊、拉丁语言学及文学)
PB Modern languages. Celtic languages (现代语言学、塞尔特人语言学)
PC Romanic languages (罗马语系语言学)
PD Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages (德国语言学)
PE English language (英国语言学)
PF West Germanic languages (西德语言学)
PG Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian language (斯拉夫语言学、波罗地海语言学)
PH Uralic languages. Basque language (乌拉尔、巴斯克语言学)
PJ Oriental languages and literatures (东方语言学及文学)
PK Indo-Iranian languages and literatures (伊朗语言学及文学)
PL Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia,Africa,Oceania (亚洲、非洲、大洋洲语言及文学)
PN Literature (General) (一般文学)
PQ French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature (法国文学、意大利文学、西班牙文学、葡萄牙文学)
PR English literature (英国文学)
PS American literature (美国文学)
PT Germanic literatures (德国文学)
PZ Fiction and Juvenile belles letters (小说与青少年文学)
Q Science (科学)
Q Science (General) (科学总论)
QA Mathematics. Computer science (数学、电脑科学)
QB Astronomy (天文学)
QC Physics (物理学)
QD Chemistry (化学)
QE Geology (地质学)
QH Natural history-Biology (自然史总论、生物学)
QK Botany (植物学)
QL Zoology (动物学)
QM Human anatomy (人体解剖学)
QP Physiology (生理学)
QR Microbiology (微生物学)
R Medicine (医学)
R Medicine (General) (医学总论)
RA Public aspects of medicine (公共医学)
RB Pathology (病理学)
RC Internal medicine. Practice of medicine (内科)
RD Surgery (外科)
RE Ophthalmology (眼科)
RF Otorhinolaryngology (耳鼻喉科)
RG Gynecology and obstetrics (妇产科)
RJ Pediatrics (小儿科)
RK Dentistry (牙科)
RL Dermatology (皮肤科)
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology (治疗术、药理学)
RS Pharmacy and materia medica (药学与药物)
RT Nursing (护理)
RV Botanic,Thomsonian,and electric medicine (草本药学、汤森氏医学、电子医学)
RX Homeopathy (顺势疗法)
RZ Other system of medicine (其他)
S Agriculture (农业)
S Agriculture (General) (农业总论)
SB Plant culture (植物栽培)
SD Forestry (森林)
SF Animal culture (畜牧)
SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling (渔业)
SK Hunting sports (狩猎)
T Technology (科技)
T Technology (General) (科技总论)
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) (工程总论、土木工程)
TC Hydraulic engineering (水利工程)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering (环境工程、卫生工程)
TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements (高速公路工程、道路与路面铺设)
TF Railroad engineering and operation (铁路工程与营运)
TG Bridge engineering (桥梁工程)
TH Building construction (营造)
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery (机械工程)
TK Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering. Computer hardware (电机工程、电子、核子工程、电脑硬件)
TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics (自动车、航空学、太空学)
TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy (采矿工程、矿冶)
TP Chemical technology (化学科技)
TR Photography (摄影学)
TS Manufactures (制造)
TT Handicrafts. Arts and crafts (手工艺)
TX Home economics (家政)
U Military Science (军事科学)
U Military science (军事科学总论)
UA Armies: organization,description,facilities,etc. (陆军: 组织、分配、装备)
UB Military administration (军政)
UC Maintenance and transportation (补给与运输)
UD Infantry (步兵)
UE Cavalry. Armored and mechanized cavalry (骑兵)
UF Artillery (炮兵)
UG Military engineering. Air forces. Air warfare. Space Surveillance
(军事工程、空军、太空侦测)
UH Other services (其它勤务)
V Naval science (海军学)
V Naval science (General) (海军学总论)
VA Navies: organization,description,facilities,etc. (海军: 组织、分配、装备)
VB Naval administration (海军行政)
VC Naval maintenance (海军补给)
VD Naval seamen (海军水手)
VE Marines (鉴队)
VF Naval ordnance (海军军火)
VG Minor services of navies (海军其它勤务)
VK Navigation. Merchant marine (航海、商船)
VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering (海军建筑、造船、海军工程)
Z Library Science. Information Resources (General) (图书馆学、资讯资源)
Z Books (General). Writing. Paleography. Book industries and trade. Libraries. Bibliography (一般图书、写作、善本书、书本制造与贩售、图书馆、书目)
ZA Information resources (General) (资讯资源)