更新时间:2024-04-10 11:29
茅膏菜属,学名:Drosera Linn,为石竹目、茅膏菜科下级分类。
草本,通常多年生;根状茎短,具不定根,常具有根功能的退化叶,末端具或不具鳞茎状球茎。叶互生或基生而莲座状密集,被头状粘腺毛,幼叶常拳卷;托叶膜质,常条裂。
聚伞花序顶生或腋生,幼时弯卷;花萼5裂,稀4-8裂,基部多少合生,宿存;花瓣5,分离,花时开展,花后聚集扭转,宿存于顶部;雄蕊与花瓣同数,互生;子房上位,1室,侧膜胎座2-5,胚珠多数,稀少数;花柱3-5,稀2-6,呈各式分裂或不裂,宿存。
蒴果,室背开裂;种子小,多数,外种皮具网状脉纹。
分布于1200-3650米的松林和疏林下,草丛或灌丛中,田边、水旁、草坪亦可见。
中国(云南、四川、广东、福建、江西、浙江、广西、海南、西藏、贵州、江苏、湖南、吉林、台湾、安徽、河南、湖北、黑龙江、山东、内蒙古、香港、澳门)、孟加拉、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、文莱、柬埔寨、格鲁吉亚、日本、朝鲜、老挝、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、蒙古、缅甸、尼泊尔、菲律宾、斯里兰卡、泰国、土耳其、越南
俄罗斯、奥地利、白俄罗斯、比利时、保加利亚、捷克、斯洛伐克、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、英国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、乌克兰、南斯拉夫
南非、中非、安哥拉、贝宁、博茨瓦纳、布基纳法索、布隆迪、喀麦隆、乍得、刚果、埃塞俄比亚、加蓬、冈比亚、加纳、几内亚、几内亚比绍、科特迪瓦、肯尼亚、莱索托、利比里亚、马达加斯加、马拉维、马里、莫桑比克、纳米比亚、尼日尔、尼日利亚、卢旺达、塞内加尔、塞拉利昂、苏丹、斯威士兰、坦桑尼亚、多哥、乌干达、赞比亚、津巴布韦
阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、法国(法属圭亚那)、圭亚那、巴拉圭、秘鲁、苏里南、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉
美国、加拿大、伯利兹、哥斯达黎加、古巴、多米尼加、丹麦(格陵兰)、洪都拉斯、牙买加、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜、巴拿马、特立尼达和多巴哥
茅膏菜属模式种为圆叶茅膏菜。
多年生草本,茎短。叶基生,密集,具长柄;叶片圆形或扁圆形,长3-9毫米,宽5-12毫米,叶缘具长头状粘腺毛,上面腺毛较短,背面常无毛;叶柄扁平,长1-6厘米,具毛或无毛;托叶膜质,长约6毫米,下半部紧贴叶柄,上半部开展,5-7裂,裂片渐尖。螺状聚伞花序1-2条,腋生,花葶状,纤细,直立,长8.5-21厘米,不分叉,具花3-8朵,花序梗和花轴被柔毛状腺毛或近无毛,苞片小,钻形;花梗长1-3毫米,与萼同被粉状毛;花萼长约4毫米,下部合生,上部5裂,裂片卵形或狭卵形,边缘疏具小腺齿;花瓣5,白色,长约5-6毫米,匙形;雄蕊5,长约4-5毫米;子房椭圆球形,长约3毫米,1室,侧膜胎座3,胚球多数,花柱3,每个2深裂至基部,棒状,顶端稍扩大。蒴果,熟后开裂为3果爿;种子多数,椭圆球形,微具网状脉纹,外面包以囊状、疏松、两端延伸渐尖的外种皮。花期夏、秋季,果期秋、冬季。
茅膏菜的提取物至少包含二种萘醌衍生物,具有强大的解痉作用。
茅膏菜全草的甘油提取液及甲醇提取液注入蛙胸部淋巴囊及大腿肌肉内,10小时以后检查局部有出血性坏死。
性能:性温,味辛;有小毒。活血散结,止痛。
Drosera aberrans (Lowrie & Carlquist) Lowrie & Conran
无茎茅膏菜Drosera acaulis L.f.
阿帝露茅膏菜Drosera adelae F.Muell.
奇异茅膏菜Drosera admirabilis Debbert
阿菲尼斯茅膏菜Drosera affinis Welw. ex Oliv.
白花茅膏菜Drosera alba E.Phillips
Drosera albonotata A.S.Rob., A.T.Cross, Meisterl & A.Fleischm.
爱丽丝茅膏菜Drosera aliciae Raym.-Hamet
晓美茅膏菜Drosera allantostigma (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera amazonica Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Vicent.
Drosera andersoniana Fitzg. ex Ewart & Jean White
Drosera androsacea Diels
英国茅膏菜Drosera anglica Huds.
Drosera aquatica Lowrie
Drosera arachnoides Rakotoar. & A.Fleischm.
亚瑟茅膏菜Drosera arcturi Hook.
沙生茅膏菜Drosera arenicola Steyerm.
Drosera ascendens A.St.-Hil.
Drosera atrata T.Krueger, A.Fleischm. & Bourke
Drosera atrostyla Debbert
Drosera aurantiaca Lowrie
Drosera auriculata Backh. ex Planch.
Drosera australis (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera banksii R.Br. ex DC.
胡须毛毡苔Drosera barbigera Planch.
Drosera barrettiorum Lowrie
Drosera basifolia (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera bequaertii Taton
Drosera bicolor Lowrie & Carlquist
双花茅膏菜Drosera biflora Willd. ex Schult.
叉叶茅膏菜Drosera binata Labill.
Drosera bindoon Lowrie
短角茅膏菜Drosera brevicornis Lowrie
短叶茅膏菜Drosera brevifolia Pursh
布鲁姆斯茅膏菜Drosera broomensis Lowrie
Drosera browniana Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
Drosera bulbigena Morrison
鳞茎茅膏菜Drosera bulbosa Hook.
布凯茅膏菜Drosera burkeana Planch.
锦地罗Drosera burmanni Vahl
Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson
Drosera caduca Lowrie
卡洛斯茅膏菜Drosera callistos N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera calycina Planch.
Drosera camporupestris Rivadavia
好望角茅膏菜Drosera capensis L.
绒毛茅膏菜Drosera capillaris Poir.
克恩茅膏菜Drosera cayennensis Sagot ex Diels
森迪茅膏菜Drosera cendeensis Tamayo & Croizat
Drosera chimaera Gonella & Rivadavia
金壳茅膏菜Drosera chrysolepis Taub.
岩蔷薇茅膏菜Drosera cistiflora L.
Drosera citrina Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera closterostigma N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera coalara Lowrie & Conran
Drosera coccipetala Debbert
Drosera collina (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
寇林希茅膏菜Drosera collinsiae N.E.Br.
南美茅膏菜Drosera communis A.St.-Hil.
Drosera condor Gonella, A.Fleischm. & Rivadavia
Drosera coomallo Lowrie & Conran
Drosera cucullata Lowrie
精致茅膏菜Drosera cuneifolia L.f.
弯花茅膏菜Drosera curvipes Planch.
达尔文茅膏菜Drosera darwinensis Lowrie
Drosera depauperata Lowrie & Conran
北领地珊瑚茅膏菜Drosera derbyensis Lowrie
Drosera dichrosepala Turcz.
狄尔斯茅膏菜Drosera dielsiana Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera dilatatopetiolaris Kondô
Drosera drummondii Planch.
Drosera echinoblastus N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
长茅膏菜Drosera elongata Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera eneabba N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
无节茅膏菜Drosera enodes N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera eremaea (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera ericgreenii A.Fleischm., R.P.Gibson & Rivadavia
红色茅膏菜Drosera erythrogyne N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
红根茅膏菜Drosera erythrorhiza Lindl.
埃斯梅拉达茅膏菜Drosera esmeraldae (Steyerm.) Maguire & Wurdack
Drosera esperensis Lowrie
Drosera esterhuyseniae (T.M.Salter) Debbert
大肉饼茅膏菜Drosera falconeri Kondô & P.Tsang
菲利克斯茅膏菜Drosera felix Steyerm. & L.B.Sm.
丝叶茅膏菜Drosera filiformis Raf.
毛缘茅膏菜Drosera fimbriata DeBuhr
Drosera finlaysoniana Wall. ex Arn.
Drosera flexicaulis Welw. ex Oliv.
Drosera fragrans Lowrie
黄褐茅膏菜Drosera fulva Planch.
Drosera geniculata (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera gibsonii P.Mann
巨大茅膏菜Drosera gigantea Lindl.
光柄茅膏菜Drosera glabripes (Harv. ex Planch.) Stein
Drosera glabriscapa Lowrie
小腺茅膏菜Drosera glanduligera Lehm.
Drosera gracilis Hook.f. ex Planch.
草叶茅膏菜Drosera graminifolia A.St.-Hil.
花岗茅膏菜Drosera graniticola N.G.Marchant
Drosera grantsaui Rivadavia
格拉莫哥茅膏菜Drosera graomogolensis T.R.S.Silva
Drosera grievei Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
Drosera gunniana (Planch.) de Salas
汉密尔顿茅膏菜Drosera hamiltonii C.R.P.Andrews
哈特茅膏菜Drosera hartmeyerorum Schlauer
Drosera helodes N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
异叶茅膏菜Drosera heterophylla Lindl.
种脐茅膏菜Drosera hilaris Cham. & Schltdl.
球根茅膏菜Drosera hirsuta Lowrie & Conran
Drosera hirtella A.St.-Hil.
毛萼茅膏菜Drosera hirticalyx Duno de Stefano & Culham
Drosera hookeri R.P.Gibson, B.J.Conn & Conran
Drosera hortiorum T.Krueger & Bourke
胡氏茅膏菜Drosera huegelii Endl.
亨伯特茅膏菜Drosera humbertii Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera humilis Planch.
Drosera hyperostigma N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
长叶茅膏菜Drosera indica L.
Drosera indumenta Lowrie & Conran
长柄茅膏菜Drosera intermedia Hayne
Drosera intricata Planch.
凯特轮茅膏菜Drosera kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding.
Drosera katangensis Taton
肯尼利茅膏菜Drosera kenneallyi Lowrie
Drosera koikyennuruff T.Krueger & A.S.Rob.
细银毛茅膏菜Drosera lanata K.Kondo
Drosera lasiantha Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera latifolia (Eichler) Gonella & Rivadavia
Drosera leioblastus N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera leucoblasta Benth.
Drosera leucostigma (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
线叶茅膏菜Drosera linearis Goldie
劳里茅膏菜Drosera lowriei N.G.Marchant
Drosera lunata Buch.-Ham. ex DC.
Drosera lutescens (A.St.-Hil.) Gonella, Rivadavia & A.Fleischm.
Drosera maanyaa-gooljoo A.Fleischm. & T.Krueger
大花茅膏菜Drosera macrantha Endl.
Drosera macropetala (Diels) T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
大叶茅膏菜Drosera macrophylla Lindl.
马达加斯加茅膏菜Drosera madagascariensis DC.
Drosera magna (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
壮丽茅膏菜Drosera magnifica Rivadavia & Gonella
大叶球根茅膏菜Drosera major (Diels) Lowrie
曼尼茅膏菜Drosera mannii Cheek
地钱茅膏菜Drosera marchantii DeBuhr
Drosera margaritacea T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
曼西茅膏菜Drosera menziesii R.Br. ex DC.
丝茎茅膏菜Drosera meristocaulis Maguire & Wurdack
Drosera micra Lowrie & Conran
Drosera micrantha Lehm.
小叶茅膏菜Drosera microphylla Endl.
Drosera microscapa Debbert
Drosera miniata Diels
Drosera minutiflora Planch.
小茅膏菜Drosera modesta Diels
Drosera monantha (Lowrie & Carlquist) Lowrie
山地茅膏菜Drosera montana A.St.-Hil.
Drosera monticola (Lowrie & N.G.Marchant) Lowrie
穆氏茅膏菜Drosera moorei (Diels) Lowrie
Drosera murfetii Lowrie & Conran
多花茅膏菜Drosera myriantha Planch.
Drosera nana Lowrie
纳塔尔茅膏菜Drosera natalensis Diels
尼斯茅膏菜Drosera neesii Lehm.
纽喀里多尼亚茅膏菜Drosera neocaledonica Raym.-Hamet
巢型茅膏菜Drosera nidiformis Debbert
光亮茅膏菜Drosera nitidula Planch.
Drosera nivea Lowrie & Carlquist
长柱茅膏菜Drosera oblanceolata Y.Z.Ruan
Drosera occidentalis Morrison
奥美莎茅膏菜Drosera omissa Diels
圆形茅膏菜Drosera orbiculata N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
银匙茅膏菜Drosera ordensis Lowrie
Drosera oreopodion N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
长鳞茅膏菜Drosera paleacea DC.
浅色茅膏菜Drosera pallida Lindl.
孔雀茅膏菜Drosera paradoxa Lowrie
金碟茅膏菜Drosera patens Lowrie & Conran
少花茅膏菜Drosera pauciflora Banks ex DC.
Drosera pedicellaris Lowrie
茅膏菜Drosera peltata Thunb.
秘鲁茅膏菜Drosera peruensis T.R.S.Silva & M.D.Correa
黄孔雀茅膏菜Drosera petiolaris R.Br. ex DC.
多毛茅膏菜Drosera pilosa Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch.
宽脚茅膏菜Drosera platypoda Turcz.
平柱茅膏菜Drosera platystigma Lehm.
Drosera porrecta Lehm.
Drosera praefolia Tepper
爱心茅膏菜Drosera prolifera C.T.White
Drosera prophylla (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera prostrata (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera prostratoscaposa Lowrie & Carlquist
美丽茅膏菜Drosera pulchella Lehm.
Drosera purpurascens Schlotth.
Drosera pycnoblasta Diels
侏儒茅膏菜Drosera pygmaea DC.
Drosera quartzicola Rivadavia & Gonella
Drosera radicans N.G.Marchant
叉枝茅膏菜Drosera ramellosa Lehm.
Drosera ramentacea Burch. ex DC.
Drosera rechingeri Strid
Drosera reflexa Bourke & A.S.Rob.
王茅膏菜Drosera regia Stephens
Drosera riparia Gonella & Rivadavia
罗雷茅膏菜Drosera roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire & J.R.Laundon
Drosera roseana N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
莲座茅膏菜Drosera rosulata Lehm.
圆叶茅膏菜Drosera rotundifolia L.
Drosera rubricalyx T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
Drosera rubrifolia Debbert
Drosera rupicola (N.G.Marchant) Lowrie
盐生茅膏菜Drosera salina N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera sargentii Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
叉蕊茅膏菜Drosera schizandra Diels
Drosera schmutzii Lowrie & Conran
Drosera schwackei (Diels) Rivadavia
蝎子茅膏菜Drosera scorpioides Planch.
Drosera serpens Planch.
南美宽叶茅膏菜Drosera sessilifolia A.St.-Hil.
Drosera sewelliae Diels
林生茅膏菜Drosera silvicola Lowrie & Carlquist
斯氏茅膏菜Drosera slackii Cheek
Drosera solaris A.Fleischm., Wistuba & S.McPherson
匙叶茅膏菜Drosera spatulata Labill.
Drosera spilos N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera spiralis A.St.-Hil.
Drosera spirocalyx Rivadavia & Gonella
Drosera squamosa Benth.
星花茅膏菜Drosera stelliflora Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera stenopetala Hook.f.
Drosera stipularis Baleeiro, R.W.Jobson & R.L.Barrett
匍茎茅膏菜Drosera stolonifera Endl.
缩茎茅膏菜Drosera stricticaulis (Diels) O.H.Sarg.
刚毛茅膏菜Drosera subhirtella Planch.
Drosera subtilis N.G.Marchant
硫磺茅膏菜Drosera sulphurea Lehm.
Drosera tentaculata Rivadavia
Drosera thysanosepala Diels
Drosera tokaiensis (Komiya & Shibata) T.Nakam. & K.Ueda
Drosera tomentosa A.St.-Hil.
Drosera tracyi Macfarl.
Drosera trichocaulis (Diels) Lowrie & Conran
三脉茅膏菜Drosera trinervia Spreng.
管柱茅膏菜Drosera tubaestylis N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera ultramafica A.Fleischm., A.S.Rob. & S.McPherson
单花茅膏菜Drosera uniflora Willd.
Drosera venusta Debbert
Drosera verrucata Lowrie & Conran
Drosera villosa A.St.-Hil.
Drosera viridis Rivadavia
Drosera walyunga N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
怀特茅膏菜Drosera whittakeri Planch.
Drosera xerophila A.Fleischm.
Drosera yilgarnensis R.P.Gibson & B.J.Conn
Drosera yutajensis Duno de Stefano & Culham
Drosera zeyheri T.M.Salter
Drosera zigzagia Lowrie
圆扇茅膏菜Drosera zonaria Planch.
Drosera × badgerupii Cheek
Drosera × badgingarra Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × bockowskii Scholl
Drosera × californica Cheek
Drosera × carbarup Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × corinthiaca R.A.Gibson & E.Green
Drosera × eloisiana T.S.Bailey
Drosera × fontinalis Rivadavia
Drosera × hybrida Macfarl.
Drosera × legrandii Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × linglica Kusak. ex R.Gauthier & Gervais
Drosera × obovata Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
Drosera × pingellyensis Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × sidjamesii Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × woodii R.Gauthier & Gervais
Adenopa Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 37 (1837)
Dismophyla Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 36 (1837)
Drossera Gled. in Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Hist. (Berlin) 5: 126 (1749), orth. var.
Esera Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 160 (1790), opus utique oppr.
Filicirna Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 37 (1837)
Freatulina Chrtek & Slavíková in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 165: 140 (1996)
Rorella Hill in Brit. Herb.: 187 (1756)
Rossolis Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 245 (1763)
Sondera Lehm. in Nov. Stirp. Pug. 8: 44 (1844)