裴炎 - 知识百科

裴炎

更新时间：2023-04-30 17:19

裴炎，近几年来，主持国家重大基础研究计划（973）项目2项、国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）2项、国家科技部转基因专项2项、国家自然科学基金重点项目1项、农业部公益性项目1项、国家教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金和国家教育部重点项目各一项。已在国内外重要学术刊物上发表论文80余篇，申请发明专利6项。获四川省科委科技进步一等奖，获农业部“有突出贡献的中青年专家”和国家劳动人事部“国家级有突出贡献的中青年专家”称号，享受“国务院政府特殊津贴”，国家自然科学基金委员会第八届、第九届、第十一届和十二届学科组评审专家。主要从事棉花纤维发育的分子机理与基因工程育种以及重组杀虫微生物等方面的研究。

研究领域

One goal of research in my lab is to understand the genetic and molecular basis of cotton fiber development. Cotton is truly a miracle crop in the world, providing fibers for textile manufacturing and affording oil and protein for human food and animal feed production. Cotton fibers are single cells resulted from elongated cells of the ovule epidermis and undergo rapid and synchronous elongation and are considered as an ideal system for studying cell elongation and cell wall development. Fiber number and fiber length, fiber fineness and fiber strength are important agronomy traits for cotton breeding, which are greatly determined by fiber cell initiation, elongation and secondary cell wall accumulation. However, so far, knowledge of the regulatory mechanism controlling cotton fiber initiation and elongation is still mostly unknown. Currently, we are trying to elucidate how plant hormones and their interactions regulate cotton fiber cell development and how to manipulate the expression of the plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling genes to improve cotton fiber quality and yield. We found that auxin, a key phytohormone involved in controlling many aspects of plant development, accumulates highly and specifically in the initiating fiber cells. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that enhancing IAA level in the ovule epidermis at the time of fiber cell initiation by the tissue-specific expression of an IAA biosynthetic gene would promote the initiation of fiber cells and thereby increase fiber yield. Through this way, we generated transgenic cottons which produced higher yield and better quality fibers. The results had been published in “Nature Biotechnology”, a high level journal, and a comment in the same volume gave high words to our work “this study illustrates the promise of the next generation of transgenic crops.”

As transgenic crops are rapidly becoming a staple of modern agriculture in the world, the food safety and gene flow problems resulted from genetically modified crops have been a great concern to both the public and the scientific community. To address this problem, we developed a new recombination system characterized with highly efficient in deleting all functional transgenes from the pollen, seed or both of tobacco plants. This system can be applicable for vegetatively propagated plants. We are now engaged in establishing a new two-component transcript activation system for gene deletion in hybrid crops, such as rice, maize and canola.

Another group in my laboratory is interested in molecular basis of insect fungal diseases. Biological control agents are being considered as supplements or alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides that are known to have toxic effects on nontarget organisms, including animals and humans. Entomopathogenic fungi are key regulatory factors of insect populations in nature and considered as the only practical microbial control for insects that feed by sucking plant and animal juice and for the many acridid and coleopteran pests which have no known viral or bacterial pathogens. We had cloned several cuticle-degrading enzyme genes, e.g., proteinase or chitinase genes, from Beauveria bassiana, a widely used entomopathogenic fungi in insect pest control. Then, we utilized a chitin-binding domain from an insect, the silkworm moth (B. mori), to produce an engineered chitinase and proteinase in the insect pathogen B. bassiana. The engineered chitinase and proteinase showed increased kinetic properties in substrate hydrolysis than those of the wild-type chitinase and proteinase. Furthermore, when the engineered chitinase and proteinase were overexpressed in B. bassiana, respectively, the genetically modified fungus showed an increase in virulence over a strain with a constitutively expressed native chitinase or proteinase gene. We have demonstrated a strategy where genetic components of the host insect can be incorporated into the fungal pathogen in order to increase host cuticle penetration ability. To isolate new genes involved in infection, we have set up a T-DNA insertion mutant pool of B. bassiana. Some interesting genes had been cloned and characterized from this pool.

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